Research and Innovation Activities - 2022
REPORT
Annual report on scientific and scientific-organizational activities
of the Center for Innovative Development of Science and New Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in 2022
Research and Innovation Activities
1.1 Main results of scientific research
Project: Development and creation of innovative hybrid systems and equipment for the production of electric and thermal energy based on renewable energy sources. RD No. 0118 TJ 00911.
Project Manager: Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Ilolov M.I.
Research work continued in several directions. The stability conditions for some classes of ordinary and stochastic differential equations in the Ulam-Hyers sense were found. A classification of solar photovoltaic tracking systems and their characteristics in the natural conditions of Tajikistan are presented. The dynamics of electric energy and useful heat of a solar thermal photovoltaic device is investigated. Monthly extreme and average values of the photovoltaic module temperature and local air temperature (Khujand city) are determined. The daily and seasonal dynamics of the thermal energy stored in the photovoltaic module (PVM) materials are studied, taking into account the stochastic nature of sunlight and local climate. It is determined that the average annual value <Tmax–Tmean> of the PVM is 200C. In winter, <Tmax-Taverage> decreases to 150C. It is found that the thermal energy stored in the material has a low correlation coefficient (0.18) with the SFTU electrical capacity. The decrease in electricity generation due to the increase in the module temperature is compensated by the thermal energy generation of the hybrid solar installation by about 1-2%. The stored energy ΔWacq of the HFTU at midday reaches 50 W h/m2 or 1.5% of the daily specific sum of SI. The daily useful thermal energy of the CHP is 2 kW/m2. The typical daily amount of SI in October is about 3.5 kWh/m2. The daily electricity generation of SFTU is 280 Wh/m2, the electrical efficiency is about 8%. The overall electrical and thermal efficiency of the CHP is 58%.
A technology for modeling composite coatings has been developed, providing the necessary characteristics for the use of multilayer materials; The main material for the outer shell and the method for preparing the shell for its installation have been selected and substantiated.
To determine the productivity in the southern part of the country, 20 varieties of Jerusalem artichoke were grown in the conditions of the Kushoniyonsky (450 m above sea level) and Dangara (600 m above sea level) districts, in the experimental site of the Institute of Botany, Physiology and Genetics of Plants of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (at an altitude of 840 m above sea level).
The issue of further development of domestic science and its connection with the development of new technologies and innovative materials and their application in production has been studied. It has been determined that one of the important conditions for the further development of innovative science in the Republic of Tajikistan is the introduction of modern innovative technologies in various sectors of the country's economy.
The main issue that can directly contribute to the development of innovative activities is the creation of a national system of support for innovation, technological development and modernization of production based on new scientific and technical developments that can ensure the transition of the country's economy to an innovative level. innovative path of development.
The popular science book "Science, Technology and Innovation" has been published, which examines the role of science, fundamental and applied scientific research in obtaining knowledge, transforming this knowledge into scientific ideas, creating technologies based on these ideas, transforming scientific knowledge and technology. Innovations and the introduction of innovative science-intensive goods and services into the economy have been studied and researched.
The brochure "Intellectual Property and Its Features in Scientific Research and Development" has been published. This brochure examines intellectual property as a result of human intellectual activity and its essence in scientific research and development, and also provides information on the main objects of intellectual property.
The dynamics of useful electrical energy of a solar photovoltaic device in the transition period from winter to spring to summer was studied. Cloudy weather was observed in late winter and early spring, when the frequency and duration of clear sunny days were the lowest. To estimate useful electrical energy, the daily generation of the solar photovoltaic device was measured. Based on the database of measurements of useful electrical energy from solar photovoltaic installations, monthly coefficients of atmospheric transparency and cloudiness were determined for this territory for the period March-May 2022.