Research and Innovation Activities - 2021

REPORT

Annual report on scientific and scientific-organizational activities

of the Center for Innovative Development of Science and New Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in 2021

Research and Innovation Activities

1.1 Main results of scientific research 

Project: Development and creation of innovative hybrid systems and equipment for the production of electric and thermal energy based on renewable energy sources. RD No. 0118 TZ 00911.

Project Manager: Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences M.I. Ilolov

As part of the project implementation in 2021, the following results were achieved:

Analytical correlations were discovered between the electrical parameters of photovoltaic modules and external environmental factors, such as solar radiation and temperature. The roots of the corresponding transcendental equation were calculated using the Lambert W-function. The study of the solvability of elementary problems for fractional differential equations of fractional order in a Banach space was continued. The application of these results to elementary boundary value problems of mathematical physics with fractional orders obtained over time is demonstrated. Signs of the existence of solutions to odd fractional differential equations are found.

A simplified technology for the production of heterojunctions based on graphene and silicon has been developed. The technical result was achieved as follows: graphene powder is sprayed onto the surface of a silicon wafer with a thickness of 0.4-0.5 mm and an area of ​​1x1 cm2. The skin is installed in a special device, where the process of rubbing graphene on the surface of the silicon skin is carried out by the pressure-sliding (friction) method using a cylindrical head made of flexible material. In this case, the temperature of the head is regulated by a graphene layer sprayed onto the skin surface. The cylindrical head moves back and forth at a speed of 1-2 cm/sec. The pressure of the cylindrical head on the graphene layer was 2-30 grams/cm2. The friction process was carried out for 1-2 minutes. After applying a graphene layer to a silicon wafer, ring metal electrodes are installed on both sides of the sample surface. Specific voltammetric measurements showed that the graphene-silicon heterojunction has a rectifying property with a coefficient of 45-240 depending on the applied voltage. It was found that the graphene-silicon heterojunction is sensitive to infrared light.

An analysis of the current experience of regulating the flow of the largest reservoirs in the Aral Sea basin was carried out. It was shown that hydropower, due to the construction of large hydroelectric power plants with reservoirs, does not change the total volume of river flow for irrigation of the downstream states and consumers, but allows regulating it by seasons and long-term regimes. Irreversible interruption of water flow when filling a reservoir occurs only in a volume equal to its dead volume, which is usually insignificant. The useful volume of the reservoir not only does not reduce the volume of water for irrigation, but, on the contrary, increases it due to regulation (both seasonal and long-term). The total volume of electricity generated by the hydroelectric power plant does not depend on the river flow regulation regimes. The issue of joint use of river flow for the benefit of hydropower and irrigation is a matter of coordinating and harmonizing interests in relation to river flow regulation regimes between the countries of the region.

A study was conducted on the influence of local climatic conditions and meteorological parameters on the generation of electric and thermal energy by a hybrid solar power plant. The database of electricity and heat generation by a hybrid solar power plant for the first quarter of 2020 was analyzed. The period of bright days with high energy generation (more than 0.8 maximum) is 4-5 days, followed by dark days during which generation is almost zero. A methodology has been developed for assessing the average atmospheric transparency over daily, five-day, weekly, ten-day, monthly and annual time intervals based on the energy production of a hybrid device.

The analysis of the average daily air temperature at the inlet and outlet of the hybrid unit was carried out in the period from October 2020 to March 2021. The relationship between the useful heat energy production, which is determined by the difference in air temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the device, and the local air temperature was studied. The results were compared with device production data obtained in the period from October 2019 to March 2020. It was noted that the daily air temperature in the area (Khujand city) in the first ten days of January 2021 was 6.5 ° C lower than for the same period in 2020. An improvement in atmospheric transparency was noted after a local minimum air temperature of -8.3 ° C on the morning of January 8, 2021. Over the next 3 clear days, the relative production of thermal energy increased from 0.8 to 1.